Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije ibikoresho byo kumeza ubaze
Nka umwe mu miryango ine yingenzi yo gupakira ibiryo, gupakira impapuro byagaragaje igikundiro cyihariye nagaciro kubakoresha ndetse nababikora kubera kurengera ibidukikije no kubisubiramo, kandi byabaye kimwe numutekano, imyambarire nuburyo.Munsi yo kugaragara kwa Meimeida, niyihe mirimo ihishe mubipapuro?Nigute ejo hazaza hapakira impapuro zizayobora inganda zibiribwa guhagarara neza?Gupakira impapuro byahinduye inganda z’ibiribwa mu Bushinwa.Ninde uzahinduka ubutaha?Reka tugendere mwisi yo gupakira impapuro hamwe.
1. Ibiryo ntibishobora gutandukanywa no gupakira
Ubwa mbere, reka dukore hypothesis: ibiryo bizaba bimeze bite udapfunyitse?Igisubizo cya nyuma kirashobora gutekerezwa, ibiryo byinshi bigomba kubora hakiri kare, ibiryo byinshi byapfushije ubusa, kandi aho ibiryo byangirika kandi byangirika ni imyanda.
Mu myaka yashize, habaye guhamagarwa kwinshi kugabanya ikoreshwa ryapaki kumasoko.Ntabwo turwanya kugabanya ibipapuro byinzibacyuho, ariko twibwira ko dukeneye gutekereza kubindi bice byo gupakira-ibiryo bishobora gusa kwemezwa ko bizaba byiza nyuma yo gupakira bitangirika cyangwa igihe cyacyo cyo kuramba kikaba cyongerewe.Ibiryo byinshi biribwa mubyukuri aho gupfusha ubusa imyanda.Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu mashyirahamwe y’umuryango w’abibumbye abigaragaza, toni zigera kuri miliyari 1,3 z’ibiribwa zapfushije ubusa ku isi, bingana na kimwe cya gatatu cy’umusaruro wose, kandi haracyari abantu miliyoni 815 badashobora kurya ibiryo ku isi, bingana na 11% bya abatuye isi, hamwe nibiribwa byose byapfushije ubusa.Birahagije kugaburira abaturage bashonje.Gupakira ni kimwe mubisubizo byingenzi kandi bifatika bishobora gufasha kugabanya imyanda y'ibiribwa.
2. Agaciro ko gupakira ibiryo
Nkutwara ibiryo-gupakira ibiryo nibice bigize ibiryo.Agaciro gupakira ibiryo bizana mu nganda zibiribwa birimo:
Agaciro ku baguzi: Igitekerezo cya Maslow kigabanya ibyo abaguzi bakeneye mu byiciro bitanu: ibikenerwa mu mubiri, ibikenewe mu mutekano, ibikenewe mu mibereho, kubaha ibikenewe, no kwigira.Ibyo bita "ibiryo ni ijuru kubantu", kandi "ibiryo nibyambere", abantu bagomba kubanza kubaho-kurya no guhaga;icya kabiri, kubaho neza-bifite isuku;na none kubaho neza - - Intungamubiri, nshya, byoroshye gutwara, ibyiyumvo, n'umuco.Kubwibyo, icyifuzo cyibanze cy’abaguzi ku bipfunyika ibiryo, cyangwa agaciro k’ibanze mu gupakira ibiryo ku baguzi, ni “umutekano, gushya, no korohereza.”
Agaciro kazanywe nabaproducer:
1. Ishusho yerekana agaciro: Nkuko bivugwa ngo, "umuntu abaho mu maso, kandi igiti kibaho uruhu".Kera, "zahabu na jade biri imbere", ariko muri societe igezweho, "zahabu na jade biri hanze."Nk’uko amategeko ya DuPont abivuga, 63% by’abaguzi bagura ibintu bishingiye ku gupakira ibicuruzwa.Ibiryo byiza bisaba gupakira neza nibiribwa byanditseho, kandi cyane cyane, gupakira ibirango.Nkugupakira ibiryo bitwara ibiryo, imikorere yacyo ntabwo ari ugukora gusa no kurinda ibiryo, ahubwo ni no guha abaguzi ibyoroshye, kuborohereza kubikoresha, kwamamaza, no kumenyekanisha.Kugaragaza agaciro k'ishusho nka, kuyobora, nibindi.
2. Kugabanya ibiciro byo gupakira: Kubakora, mubintu bigira ingaruka kumafaranga yo gupakira harimo ikiguzi cyibikoresho byatoranijwe, gushyira mu gaciro ubushobozi bwo gupakira ibicuruzwa, gukoresha cyane umwanya wapakira, hamwe nigiciro cyubwikorezi cyatewe nuburemere bwibipfunyika.
3. Ongera agaciro kongerewe kubicuruzwa: Ibiryo bimaze gupakirwa, bikurura abaguzi bafite ubushake bwo kugura birenze agaciro nyako k '"ibiryo + bipfunyika".Aha niho hiyongereyeho agaciro ko gupakira kuzana ibiryo.Birumvikana ko urwego rwongerewe agaciro rufitanye isano cyane no guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira, igishushanyo mbonera, guhanga ibishushanyo, hamwe nubuhanga bwo kwamamaza.
3. “Imiryango ine minini” yo gupakira ibiryo
Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, ibikoresho nyamukuru bipakira ibiryo ku isoko ni impapuro, plastiki, ibyuma n’ikirahure, bishobora kwitwa “imiryango ine minini”, muri byo bipakira impapuro bingana na 39%, kandi hari inzira yo kwihuta mu iterambere.Ibikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo Kubasha kuba uwambere muri "Imiryango ine minini" itoneshwa nabaguzi nababikora kumasoko, byerekana neza agaciro k'ibipapuro bipfunyika mubipfunyika.
Ugereranije no gupakira ibyuma, gupakira impapuro bifite ishusho nziza ya tekinike hamwe ningaruka zerekana agaciro, kandi biremereye.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bubyerekana, bisaba nibura imyaka 5 kugirango agasanduku ka sasita ya plastike ku isoko kagabanuke rwose mu butaka, kandi bisaba nibura imyaka 470 kugirango buri mufuka wa pulasitike ugabanuke, ariko igihe cyo kugereranya kwangirika kwimpapuro ni gusa 3 kugeza 6 Kubwibyo, ugereranije no gupakira plastike, gupakira impapuro ni byiza, bifite ubuzima bwiza, kandi byoroshye gutesha agaciro.
Icya kane, icyerekezo kizaza cyo gupakira impapuro
Mbere yo kuganira ku gihe kizaza cyo gupakira ibiryo, ni ubuhe “ngingo zibabaza” inganda zikora ibiribwa zikeneye gusesengurwa?
Dufatiye ku baguzi-bahangayikishijwe: Ubushinwa, nk’igihugu gikomeye cy’imirire, cyagiye kibona ibibazo by’umutekano w’ibiribwa mu myaka yashize, bikangiza ubuzima n’ubuzima bw’abaguzi.Icyizere cy'abaturage mu masosiyete y'ibiribwa cyaragabanutse inshuro nyinshi, bituma isoko ry'ibiribwa rikomeza kubaho.Ikibazo gikomeye cyo kwizerana umutekano.
Ukurikije ibicuruzwa-bihangayikishije: impungenge kubibazo byibiribwa binubira abaguzi kandi bigaragazwa nibitangazamakuru;impungenge zo kutujuje ibisabwa n'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura no guhagarika;impungenge zo kutumva nabi isoko cyangwa gukorwa nkana ibihuha nabanywanyi nimbunda zibeshya;impungenge zijyanye no kugaragara kw'isoko Ibihimbano n'ibiribwa bito bigira ingaruka ku ishusho y'ibirango n'ibindi.Kuberako impungenge zose ari ugukubita no gukomeretsa kubakora ibiryo.
Kubwibyo, duhereye ku gaciro ko gupakira ibiryo, uhujwe n '“ububabare” buriho mu nganda z’ibiribwa, ibizaza mu gupakira impapuro zibiribwa ahanini birimo:
Protection Kubungabunga icyatsi n’ibidukikije: “Gupakira icyatsi” nanone byitwa “gupakira ibintu birambye”, mu magambo yoroshye ni “ibishobora gukoreshwa, byoroshye kwangirika, kandi biremereye”.Gupakira kandi bifite "ubuzima bwinzira".Twabonye ibikoresho fatizo muri kamere kandi tubikoresha mugupakira ibicuruzwa nyuma yo gushushanya no gutunganya.Ibicuruzwa bimaze gukoreshwa, gupakira biratunganywa.Gupakira icyatsi ni ukugabanya imikoreshereze y’ibikoresho fatizo bishoboka muri iki gikorwa, cyangwa ibishoboka byose kugirango ugabanye kwangiza ibidukikije biterwa no gutunganya.Amakuru meza nuko ibihugu byinshi nintara nyinshi kwisi bibuza cyangwa bibuza ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bya plastike muburyo butandukanye.Inzira yo "gusimbuza plastike n'impapuro" iragenda igaragara.“Menyesha intambara”, abagurisha hanze ya Shanghai barenga 2.800, barimo Ele.me na Meituan, barimo kugerageza “impapuro aho kuba plastiki”.Mubihe abantu bose bitaye kubidukikije, kutamenya ibidukikije kuranga ntibizasiga gusa "inshingano", ahubwo byanze bikunze bizana igihombo cyabaguzi.Turashobora kuvuga ko kurengera ibidukikije byo gupakira impapuro atari inshingano zokubyara ibiribwa gusa na ba rwiyemezamirimo bapakira ibiryo, ahubwo ni ibyiyumvo bidahinduka byabaguzi.
Umutekano mwinshi: Ejo hazaza h'umutekano wo gupakira impapuro ntisaba gusa impapuro zidafite uburozi kandi zitagira ingaruka no gupakira impapuro, ahubwo bisaba no gupakira impapuro kugirango wirinde ibiryo byiganano kandi bitari byiza, ndetse no kongera ubuzima bwibiryo bwibiryo.Kunoza ibipimo byumutekano byibiribwa ubwabyo, uhereye kumutekano wibicuruzwa kugeza kumutekano wibishusho.Mu myaka yashize, hamwe no kuzamuka kwinzira zo kugura kumurongo, habaye amahirwe menshi kubiribwa byiganano kandi biri hasi.Ibiribwa byiganano kandi bito byaguzwe kumurongo ni impanuka, ibangamira cyane ubuzima n’umutekano w’abaguzi, ndetse n’abakora ibicuruzwa., Kubirango byubatswe neza ishusho nayo izananirwa rimwe.
Functional Gupakira imikorere: Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bwose bwimpapuro zipakurura zirimo gutera imbere muburyo bwo gukora, harimo amavuta-y-amavuta, adafite ubushuhe, inzitizi-ndende, gupakira ibintu… hamwe nubuhanga bugezweho bwubwenge, nka QR code, blockchain anti- impimbano, nibindi, Uburyo bwo guhuza hamwe nugupakira impapuro gakondo nabwo inzira yiterambere yo gupakira impapuro mugihe kizaza.Imikorere yo gupakira impapuro igerwaho cyane cyane binyuze mumacapiro nogupakira cyangwa ibikoresho bipakira impapuro ubwabyo, ariko duhereye kubiciro no gukora neza, birashoboka cyane gutanga imirimo yihariye uhereye kumasoko y'ibikoresho bipakira impapuro.Kurugero: impapuro zipakurura ibiryo, nkizuba ryizuba, zihindura ingufu zumucyo ingufu zubushyuhe.Abantu bakeneye gusa gushyira ibiryo bipfunyitse mubipapuro byabigenewe ahantu hagaragaramo izuba, kandi hazakomeza kubaho ubushyuhe bwo kurinda impapuro.Ibiryo bifite ubushyuhe runaka nuburyohe bushya, butanga uburyo bworoshye kubantu kurya.Urundi rugero: gukoresha imboga cyangwa ibinyamisogwe nkibikoresho fatizo byingenzi, ukongeramo ibindi byongeweho ibiryo, ukoresheje inzira isa nogukora impapuro, no gutanga ibicuruzwa biribwa.
Muganire-ninde uzahinduka ubutaha?
Isoko rya tiriyari 12 mu nganda zibiribwa rikomeje kwiyongera.Ni bangahe bamamaza ibicuruzwa bishimiye kandi bahangayikishijwe?Hariho byinshi kandi byinshi hejuru-kugeza ku gisenge ibiryo bigabanijwemo inganda namasosiyete.Kuki bashobora kwigaragaza?Amarushanwa azaza azaba amarushanwa yo guhuza umutungo murwego rwinganda.Mu ruhererekane rwo gupakira, ni gute umutungo wose wo hejuru no kumanuka uva mu nganda zikora ibiryo byanyuma, kugeza ku masosiyete yo gucapa no gupakira no gushushanya, kugeza kubatanga ibikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo, bashobora gufatanya no gusangira?Nigute ushobora kwagura abakoresha amaherezo kubikoresho byo gupakira kugirango ubigereho?Ahari ibi nibyo twe, nkumukoresha wese murwego rwo gupakira ibiryo, dukeneye gutekereza.
Igihe kizaza kiraje kandi gihuza niterambere ryiterambere ryimpapuro.Kugeza ubu, ibihangange mpuzamahanga bipakira ibicuruzwa, ibihangange byo gupakira ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu, ibigo bizwi cyane by’ibiribwa byihuta by’iburengerazuba, hamwe n’amasosiyete meza yo gupakira ibiryo by’imbere mu gihugu byateje imbere ibintu byinshi bipakira ibintu hamwe n’amasosiyete atandukanye apakira.Gupakira impapuro z'ibiribwa, ibyo bicuruzwa byo mu gihugu ndetse no hanze y’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa bipfunyika bifashisha iki cyerekezo, bifata inshingano zo mu rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo abakiriya barusheho kugira umutekano, isuku, kurengera ibidukikije, kuborohereza, imirire, ubwiza…
Gupakira ibiryo ibiryo-guhitamo ibihe!Gukemura gushidikanya kubakoresha no gusangira impungenge kubabikora!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-02-2021