Ci gaba da matsayi na kayan tattara kayan kore

Ci gaba da matsayi na kayan tattara kayan kore Tun daga sabon ƙarni, tattalin arzikin ƙasa na ya ci gaba da haɓaka cikin sauri, amma kuma yana fuskantar wasu sabani yayin haɓakar tattalin arziki.A gefe guda, saboda ci gaban fasahar makamashin nukiliya, fasahar sadarwa, fasahar kere-kere da fasahar kere-kere a karnin da ya gabata, al'ummar bil'adama ta tara dukiya mai karfi da ba a taba ganin irinta ba.Mutane suna bin ingantacciyar rayuwa kuma suna fatan rayuwa mafi koshin lafiya.Mafi aminci da tsawon rai.A daya hannun kuma, mutane na fuskantar matsaloli mafi tsanani a tarihi, kamar karancin albarkatun kasa, karancin makamashi, gurbacewar muhalli, tabarbarewar yanayin halittu (kankara, filayen ciyawa, dausayi, rage yawan halittu, kwararowar hamada, ruwan acid, hadari mai yashi, Chihu, Fari akai-akai, tasirin greenhouse, yanayin yanayin El Niño), waɗannan duka suna barazana ga rayuwar ɗan adam.Dangane da sabani da aka ambata a sama, ana ƙara ambaton manufar ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin ajanda.

Ci gaba mai dorewa yana nufin ci gaban da zai iya biyan bukatun mutanen wannan zamani ba tare da cutar da bukatun al'umman da za su zo ba.A wasu kalmomi, yana nufin haɗin kai na ci gaban tattalin arziki, al'umma, albarkatu, da kare muhalli.Tsari ne da ba za a iya raba su ba wanda ba wai kawai cimma burin ci gaban tattalin arziki ba ne, har ma da kare yanayi, ruwa mai dadi, teku, kasa, da kasa da dan Adam ya dogara da shi don tsira.Albarkatun kasa irinsu dazuzzuka da muhalli suna baiwa al'ummomi masu zuwa su sami ci gaba mai dorewa da rayuwa da aiki cikin kwanciyar hankali da gamsuwa.Ci gaba mai ɗorewa a duniya ya haɗa da muhimman abubuwa biyar: taimakon raya ƙasa, ruwa mai tsafta, cinikin kore, bunƙasa makamashi da kare muhalli.Ci gaba mai ɗorewa da kariyar muhalli ba kawai suna da alaƙa ba, amma ba iri ɗaya ba ne.Kare muhalli wani muhimmin al'amari ne na ci gaba mai dorewa.Wannan labarin yana so ya fara da kare muhalli kuma yayi magana game da ci gaba da halin yanzu na kayan kwalliyar filastik wanda ba za mu iya yi ba tare da hangen nesa na ci gaba mai dorewa.A cikin fiye da shekaru 20 da shigowar ta cikin ƙasata, abubuwan da ake fitarwa na robobi ya zama na huɗu a duniya.Kayayyakin filastik suna da wuyar ƙasƙanta, kuma mummunan cutar da “fararen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu” ya haifar da hasarar da ba za a iya misalta ba ga al'umma da muhalli.A kowace shekara, ana batar da ƙasa mai yawa don binne dattin robobi.Idan ba a sarrafa shi ba, zai haifar da babbar illa ga ’ya’yanmu da jikokinmu, ga duniyar da muke rayuwa a kai, kuma tana shafar ci gaban dawwamammen ci gaban duniya.

Sabili da haka, neman sabbin albarkatu don ci gaba mai dorewa, bincike da bincike kan abubuwan da suka dace da muhallin kore ya zama muhimmin batu don ci gaba mai dorewa na zamantakewar ɗan adam.Tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1980 zuwa yanzu, ma'aikatan kimiyya da fasaha daga ko'ina cikin duniya sun yi aikin bincike da yawa tun daga sake yin amfani da kayan da aka yi amfani da su don neman sabbin kayayyaki don maye gurbin kayan da ba za a iya lalacewa ba.Dangane da hanyoyin lalacewa daban-daban na robobi da ake amfani da su don kayan tattarawa, a halin yanzu, an raba shi zuwa rukuni biyar: robobi mai lalacewa biyu, polypropylene, filayen ciyawa, samfuran takarda, da cikakkun kayan marufi masu lalacewa.

1. Plastics na biyu: ƙara sitaci zuwa robobi ana kiransa biodegradable plastic, ƙara photodegradation initiator shi ake kira photodegradable plastic, da kuma ƙara sitaci da photodegradation initiator a lokaci guda shi ake kira double-degradable plastic.Tun da filastik dual-degradable ba zai iya lalata yanayin yanayin gaba ɗaya ba, za'a iya lalata shi zuwa ƙananan gutsuttsura ko foda, kuma lalacewar yanayin muhalli ba zai iya raunana ba kwata-kwata, amma ma mafi muni.Na'urorin daukar hoto a cikin robobi masu saurin lalacewa da kuma robobin da za a iya lalata su biyu suna da nau'ikan guba daban-daban, wasu kuma ma carcinogens ne.Yawancin masu farawa na photodegradation sun ƙunshi anthracene, phenanthrene, phenanthrene, benzophenone, alkylamine, anthraquinone da abubuwan da suka samo asali.Wadannan mahadi duk abubuwa ne masu guba kuma suna iya haifar da ciwon daji bayan shafe tsawon lokaci mai tsawo.Wadannan mahadi suna samar da free radicals karkashin haske, kuma free radicals za su yi mummunan tasiri a kan jikin mutum dangane da tsufa, pathogenic dalilai, da dai sauransu. Wannan sananne ne ga kowa da kowa, kuma yana haifar da mummunar cutar da yanayin yanayi.A cikin 1995, FDA ta Amurka (gajeren Gudanar da Abinci da Magunguna) ta bayyana a sarari cewa ba za a iya amfani da robobin da za a iya cirewa ba a cikin marufi na tuntuɓar abinci.

2. Polypropylene: An kafa polypropylene a hankali a kasuwannin kasar Sin bayan da Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Ciniki ta Jihohi ta asali ta ba da odar 6 ta "hana abin da za a iya zubar da kayan abinci mai kumfa".Domin tsohuwar Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Ciniki ta Jiha ta haramta “robobi masu kumfa” kuma ba ta hana kayayyakin “ robobi marasa kumfa ba,” wasu sun yi amfani da gibin da ke tattare da manufofin kasa.Gubar polypropylene ya jawo hankalin ofishin kula da abinci na dalibai na gwamnatin gundumar Beijing.Beijing ta fara haramta amfani da kayan abinci na polypropylene a tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare.

3. Kayayyakin marufi na bambaro: Kamar yadda matsalolin launi, tsaftar jiki, da amfani da makamashi na kayan marufi na fiber ciyawa ke da wuyar warwarewa, ƙa'idodin kayan marufi da tsohuwar Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Ciniki ta Jiha da Hukumar Kula da Fasaha ta Jiha suka bayar a watan Disamba 1999 sun haɗa da. Launi, tsabta, da ƙarfe mai nauyi na kayan marufi sune mahimman abubuwan dubawa, waɗanda ke iyakance aikace-aikacen irin waɗannan kayan a kasuwa.Haka kuma, ba a warware matsalar ƙarfin ciyawar ciyawa marufi ba, kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman marufi mai ƙarfi don kayan aikin gida da kayan aiki ba, kuma farashin yana da yawa.

4. Kayayyakin kayan kwalliyar takarda: Saboda kayan tattara kayan aikin takarda suna buƙatar babban adadin ɓangaren litattafan almara, kuma ana ƙara yawan ƙwayar itace bisa ga buƙatu daban-daban (kamar kwano na noodle nan take yana buƙatar ƙara 85-100% na ɓangaren litattafan almara na itace don kiyayewa. ƙarfi da ƙarfi na kwano na noodle nan take),

Cibiyar Gwajin Marufi-Mafi kyawun Marufi da Cibiyar Gwajin Sufuri kimiyya ce da adalci.Ta wannan hanyar, gurɓatar ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kayan takarda yana da tsanani sosai, kuma tasirin katako a kan albarkatun ƙasa yana da yawa.Don haka, aikace-aikacen sa yana da iyaka.{Asar Amirka ta yi amfani da ɗimbin samfuran marufi a cikin 1980s da 1980s, amma an maye gurbin ta da asali da kayan da za a iya lalata su.

5.Fully biodegradable packaging kayan: A farkon shekarun 1990, ƙasata, tare da ƙasashe masu ci gaba irin su Amurka, Jamus, Japan, da Koriya ta Kudu, sun ci gaba da gudanar da bincike a kan kayayyakin marufi na sitaci, kuma sun sami sakamako mai gamsarwa.A matsayin abu mai lalacewa ta dabi'a, polymer biodegradable ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kariyar muhalli, kuma bincikensa da haɓakawa an haɓaka cikin sauri.Abubuwan da ake kira biodegradable dole ne su zama kayan da za a iya narkar da su gaba ɗaya ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta kuma kawai suna samar da samfuran halitta (carbon dioxide, methane, ruwa, biomass, da sauransu).

A matsayin kayan da za a iya zubarwa, sitaci ba shi da gurɓatacce yayin samarwa da amfani da shi, kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman abinci bayan amfani da shi don ciyar da kifi da sauran dabbobi, kuma ana iya lalata shi azaman taki.Daga cikin yawancin kayan marufi masu cikakken biodegradable, polylactic acid (PLA), wanda aka sanya shi ta hanyar biosynthetic lactic acid, ya zama mai bincike mafi aiki a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa da halayen aikace-aikacen duka kayan aikin injiniya da kayan aikin biomedical.biomaterials.Polylactic acid polymer ne da aka samo ta hanyar haɗin sinadarai na wucin gadi na lactic acid wanda aka samar ta hanyar haifuwa na halitta, amma har yanzu yana kula da ingantaccen yanayin rayuwa da haɓakar halittu.Saboda haka, polylactic acid za a iya sarrafa a cikin daban-daban marufi kayan, da kuma makamashi amfani da PLA samar ne kawai 20% -50% na na gargajiya petrochemical kayayyakin, da kuma carbon dioxide gas samar ne kawai daidai 50%.

A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, an haɓaka sabon nau'in cikakkiyar marufi-polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) cikin sauri.Polyester ce ta cikin salula wanda ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa suka haɗa da polymer biomaterial na halitta.Yana da kyawawa mai kyau na biodegradability da kaddarorin sarrafa thermal na robobi, kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman kayan aikin likitanci da kayan marufi.Wannan ya zama wurin bincike mafi aiki a fagen kayan tattara kayan kore a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Amma dangane da matakin fasaha na yanzu, bai dace a yi tunanin cewa yin amfani da waɗannan abubuwa masu lalacewa ba zai iya magance "ƙazamin fari", saboda aikin aikace-aikacen waɗannan samfurori ba shi da kyau, kuma har yanzu akwai matsaloli masu yawa.Da farko, farashin kayan aikin polymer na biodegradable yana da girma kuma ba shi da sauƙin haɓakawa da amfani.Misali, akwatin abinci mai saurin lalacewa na polypropylene wanda aka inganta akan titin jirgin kasa a cikin ƙasata shine 50% zuwa 80% sama da ainihin akwatin abinci na kumfa polystyrene.

Abu na biyu, wasan kwaikwayon bai riga ya gamsar ba.Ɗaya daga cikin babban rashin lahani na aikin sa shine cewa duk robobin da ke ƙunshe da sitaci suna da ƙarancin juriya na ruwa, rashin ƙarfin rigar, da kuma rage yawan kayan inji lokacin da aka fallasa ruwa.Juriya na ruwa shine daidai amfanin robobi na yanzu yayin amfani.Alal misali, akwatin abinci mai sauri na polypropylene mai haske-biodegradable ba shi da amfani fiye da akwatin abinci mai sauri na polystyrene, yana da taushi, kuma yana da sauƙi don lalata lokacin da aka shigar da abinci mai zafi.Akwatunan abincin rana na Styrofoam sun fi girma sau 1 ~ 2.Polyvinyl barasa-sitaci biodegradable filastik ana amfani dashi azaman abin da za'a iya zubar dashi don marufi.Idan aka kwatanta da na yau da kullum polyvinyl barasa cushioning kayan, da bayyana yawa yawa ne dan kadan mafi girma, yana da sauki a raguwa a karkashin high zafin jiki da kuma high zafi, kuma yana da sauki narke a cikin ruwa.Abu mai narkewa da ruwa.

Na uku, ana buƙatar magance matsalar sarrafa lalata kayan polymer mai lalacewa.A matsayin kayan marufi, yana buƙatar takamaiman lokacin amfani, kuma akwai tazara mai yawa tsakanin ingantaccen sarrafa lokaci da cikakke kuma saurin lalacewa bayan amfani.Har yanzu akwai tazara mai yawa tsakanin buƙatun aiki, musamman don cikekken robobin sitaci, waɗanda yawancinsu ba za a iya lalata su cikin shekara ɗaya ba.Kodayake gwaje-gwaje da yawa sun tabbatar da cewa nauyin kwayoyin su yana raguwa sosai a ƙarƙashin aikin haskoki na ultraviolet, wannan ba daidai ba ne da bukatun aiki.A kasashen da suka ci gaba kamar Amurka da Turai, kungiyoyin kare muhalli da jama'a ba su samu karbuwa ba.Na hudu, ana buƙatar inganta hanyar kimanta yanayin halittu na kayan polymer.Saboda abubuwa da yawa da ke hana lalata ayyukan robobi masu lalacewa, akwai bambance-bambance da yawa a cikin yanayin yanki, yanayi, tsarin ƙasa, da hanyoyin zubar da shara na ƙasashe daban-daban.Don haka, abin da ake nufi da lalacewa, ko ya kamata a ayyana lokacin lalacewa, kuma menene samfurin lalacewa, waɗannan batutuwa sun kasa cimma matsaya.Hanyoyin kimantawa da ma'auni sun fi bambanta.Yana ɗaukar lokaci don kafa haɗin kai kuma cikakkiyar hanyar kimantawa..Na biyar, yin amfani da kayan aikin polymer mai lalacewa zai shafi sake yin amfani da kayan polymer, kuma ya zama dole a kafa wuraren sarrafa kayan aiki masu dacewa don kayan da za a iya amfani da su.Kodayake kayan marufi na filastik da aka lalata a halin yanzu ba su warware gaba ɗaya matsalar “farar gurɓataccen gurɓata” ba, har yanzu hanya ce mai inganci don rage sabani.Bayyanar sa ba kawai yana faɗaɗa ayyukan robobi ba, har ma yana sauƙaƙe alaƙar ɗan adam da muhalli, da haɓaka ci gaba mai dorewa a duniya.